gienginali - 線上書籍

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網管技術
====

1. 安裝 <div class="syntaxhighlighter nogutter  " id="highlighter_711619"><div class="bar       "><div class="toolbar">[view source](#viewSource "view source")<div class="item copyToClipboard"><embed allowscriptaccess="always" flashvars="highlighterId=highlighter_711619" height="16" id="highlighter_711619_clipboard" menu="false" src="https://campus-xoops.tn.edu.tw/modules/tadtools/syntaxhighlighter_2/scripts/clipboard.swf" title="copy to clipboard" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="16" wmode="transparent"></embed></div>[print](#printSource "print")[?](#about "?")</div></div><div class="lines"><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`apt-get ``install` `monit -y`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
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2. 啟動服務
  
  <div class="syntaxhighlighter nogutter  " id="highlighter_776453"><div class="bar    "><div class="toolbar">[view source](#viewSource "view source")<div class="item copyToClipboard"><embed allowscriptaccess="always" flashvars="highlighterId=highlighter_776453" height="16" id="highlighter_776453_clipboard" menu="false" src="https://campus-xoops.tn.edu.tw/modules/tadtools/syntaxhighlighter_2/scripts/clipboard.swf" title="copy to clipboard" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="16" wmode="transparent"></embed></div>[print](#printSource "print")[?](#about "?")</div></div><div class="lines"><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`systemctl start monit`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`systemctl ``enable` `monit`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
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3. 可以利用與下指令觀察執行狀態
  
  <div class="syntaxhighlighter nogutter  " id="highlighter_684573"><div class="bar "><div class="toolbar">[view source](#viewSource "view source")<div class="item copyToClipboard"><embed allowscriptaccess="always" flashvars="highlighterId=highlighter_684573" height="16" id="highlighter_684573_clipboard" menu="false" src="https://campus-xoops.tn.edu.tw/modules/tadtools/syntaxhighlighter_2/scripts/clipboard.swf" title="copy to clipboard" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="16" wmode="transparent"></embed></div>[print](#printSource "print")[?](#about "?")</div></div><div class="lines"><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`systemctl status monit`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div></div></div>

### 主要設定

1. 編輯設定檔
  
  <div class="syntaxhighlighter nogutter  " id="highlighter_975015"><div class="bar"><div class="toolbar">[view source](#viewSource "view source")<div class="item copyToClipboard"><embed allowscriptaccess="always" flashvars="highlighterId=highlighter_975015" height="16" id="highlighter_975015_clipboard" menu="false" src="https://campus-xoops.tn.edu.tw/modules/tadtools/syntaxhighlighter_2/scripts/clipboard.swf" title="copy to clipboard" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="16" wmode="transparent"></embed></div>[print](#printSource "print")[?](#about "?")</div></div><div class="lines"><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`vi` `/etc/monit/monitrc`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
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2. 設定網監看服務（2812 port 可不改，或自行修改，因為中心只開放3389，所以，才修改之），另外，偵測系統swap若超過75%就重啟apache
  
  <div class="syntaxhighlighter nogutter  " id="highlighter_268022"><div class="bar                "><div class="toolbar">[view source](#viewSource "view source")<div class="item copyToClipboard"><embed allowscriptaccess="always" flashvars="highlighterId=highlighter_268022" height="16" id="highlighter_268022_clipboard" menu="false" src="https://campus-xoops.tn.edu.tw/modules/tadtools/syntaxhighlighter_2/scripts/clipboard.swf" title="copy to clipboard" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="16" wmode="transparent"></embed></div>[print](#printSource "print")[?](#about "?")</div></div><div class="lines"><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`set` `mailserver mail.tn.edu.tw,               ``# 設定郵寄伺服器`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`                 ``localhost                   ``# fallback relay`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content"></td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`set` `mail-``format` `{`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`  ``from:    Monit <monit@$HOST>`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`  ``subject: 通知 $HOST --  $EVENT $SERVICE`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`  ``message: `</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`  ``$EVENT => $SERVICE`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`  ``日期： $DATE`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`  ``動作： $ACTION`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`  ``主機： $HOST`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`  ``說明： $DESCRIPTION`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`  ``<a href="http://">http://</a>網址:port`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`}`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content"></td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`set` `alert tad@tn.edu.tw                       ``# 接收所有 alerts 訊息的信箱`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content"></td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`set` `httpd port 3389 and`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`    ``use address 0.0.0.0      ``# 我要讓他可以對外連線`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`    ``allow 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0   ``# 開放所有IP都可以連得到`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`    ``allow 帳號:密碼      ``# require user 'admin' with password 'monit'`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content"></td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`check system $HOST`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`if` `loadavg (1min) > 4 ``then` `alert`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`if` `loadavg (5min) > 2 ``then` `alert`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`if` `cpu usage > 95% ``for` `10 cycles ``then` `alert`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`if` `memory usage > 75% ``then` `alert`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`if` `swap usage > 25% ``then` `alert`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`if` `swap usage > 75% ``for` `5 cycles ``then` `exec` `"/usr/sbin/apachectl restart"`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div></div></div>
3. 修改後，重啟服務
  
  <div class="syntaxhighlighter nogutter  " id="highlighter_29495"><div class="bar  "><div class="toolbar">[view source](#viewSource "view source")<div class="item copyToClipboard"><embed allowscriptaccess="always" flashvars="highlighterId=highlighter_29495" height="16" id="highlighter_29495_clipboard" menu="false" src="https://campus-xoops.tn.edu.tw/modules/tadtools/syntaxhighlighter_2/scripts/clipboard.swf" title="copy to clipboard" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="16" wmode="transparent"></embed></div>[print](#printSource "print")[?](#about "?")</div></div><div class="lines"><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`systemctl restart monit`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div></div></div>
4. 看看是否有在監聽
  
  <div class="syntaxhighlighter nogutter  " id="highlighter_20738"><div class="bar "><div class="toolbar">[view source](#viewSource "view source")<div class="item copyToClipboard"><embed allowscriptaccess="always" flashvars="highlighterId=highlighter_20738" height="16" id="highlighter_20738_clipboard" menu="false" src="https://campus-xoops.tn.edu.tw/modules/tadtools/syntaxhighlighter_2/scripts/clipboard.swf" title="copy to clipboard" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="16" wmode="transparent"></embed></div>[print](#printSource "print")[?](#about "?")</div></div><div class="lines"><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`netstat` `-ant | ``grep` `:3389`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
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5. 此時可自行輸入「http://網址:3389」看看是否能登入觀看。亦可下指令在終端機中觀看狀態：
  
  <div class="syntaxhighlighter nogutter  " id="highlighter_388838"><div class="bar  "><div class="toolbar">[view source](#viewSource "view source")<div class="item copyToClipboard"><embed allowscriptaccess="always" flashvars="highlighterId=highlighter_388838" height="16" id="highlighter_388838_clipboard" menu="false" src="https://campus-xoops.tn.edu.tw/modules/tadtools/syntaxhighlighter_2/scripts/clipboard.swf" title="copy to clipboard" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="16" wmode="transparent"></embed></div>[print](#printSource "print")[?](#about "?")</div></div><div class="lines"><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`monit status`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div></div></div>
6. 加入Apache、MySQL、Rsyslog監控
  
  <div class="syntaxhighlighter nogutter  " id="highlighter_80591"><div class="bar  "><div class="toolbar">[view source](#viewSource "view source")<div class="item copyToClipboard"><embed allowscriptaccess="always" flashvars="highlighterId=highlighter_80591" height="16" id="highlighter_80591_clipboard" menu="false" src="https://campus-xoops.tn.edu.tw/modules/tadtools/syntaxhighlighter_2/scripts/clipboard.swf" title="copy to clipboard" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="16" wmode="transparent"></embed></div>[print](#printSource "print")[?](#about "?")</div></div><div class="lines"><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`ln` `-s /etc/monit/conf-available/apache2 /etc/monit/conf-enabled/`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`ln` `-s /etc/monit/conf-available/mysql /etc/monit/conf-enabled/`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`ln` `-s /etc/monit/conf-available/rsyslog /etc/monit/conf-enabled/`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
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7. 記得重啟，使之生效
  
  <div class="syntaxhighlighter nogutter  " id="highlighter_54552"><div class="bar "><div class="toolbar">[view source](#viewSource "view source")<div class="item copyToClipboard"><embed allowscriptaccess="always" flashvars="highlighterId=highlighter_54552" height="16" id="highlighter_54552_clipboard" menu="false" src="https://campus-xoops.tn.edu.tw/modules/tadtools/syntaxhighlighter_2/scripts/clipboard.swf" title="copy to clipboard" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="16" wmode="transparent"></embed></div>[print](#printSource "print")[?](#about "?")</div></div><div class="lines"><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`systemctl restart monit`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div></div></div>

### 讓記憶體不足時，Apache2自動啟動

1. 修改給Apache用的設定檔 <div class="syntaxhighlighter nogutter  " id="highlighter_453168"><div class="bar "><div class="toolbar">[view source](#viewSource "view source")<div class="item copyToClipboard"><embed allowscriptaccess="always" flashvars="highlighterId=highlighter_453168" height="16" id="highlighter_453168_clipboard" menu="false" src="https://campus-xoops.tn.edu.tw/modules/tadtools/syntaxhighlighter_2/scripts/clipboard.swf" title="copy to clipboard" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="16" wmode="transparent"></embed></div>[print](#printSource "print")[?](#about "?")</div></div><div class="lines"><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`vi` `/etc/monit/conf-available/apache2`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div></div></div>
2. 加入一行到原有 if 的前面：
  
  <div class="syntaxhighlighter nogutter  " id="highlighter_610031"><div class="bar "><div class="toolbar">[view source](#viewSource "view source")<div class="item copyToClipboard"><embed allowscriptaccess="always" flashvars="highlighterId=highlighter_610031" height="16" id="highlighter_610031_clipboard" menu="false" src="https://campus-xoops.tn.edu.tw/modules/tadtools/syntaxhighlighter_2/scripts/clipboard.swf" title="copy to clipboard" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="16" wmode="transparent"></embed></div>[print](#printSource "print")[?](#about "?")</div></div><div class="lines"><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`if` `memory usage > 80% ``for` `5 cycles ``then` `restart`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div></div></div>
3. 記得重啟，使之生效
  
  <div class="syntaxhighlighter nogutter  " id="highlighter_930641"><div class="bar    "><div class="toolbar">[view source](#viewSource "view source")<div class="item copyToClipboard"><embed allowscriptaccess="always" flashvars="highlighterId=highlighter_930641" height="16" id="highlighter_930641_clipboard" menu="false" src="https://campus-xoops.tn.edu.tw/modules/tadtools/syntaxhighlighter_2/scripts/clipboard.swf" title="copy to clipboard" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="16" wmode="transparent"></embed></div>[print](#printSource "print")[?](#about "?")</div></div><div class="lines"><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`systemctl restart monit`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div></div></div>

### 讓MySQL可以連接得上

1. 修改給MySQL用的設定檔 <div class="syntaxhighlighter nogutter  " id="highlighter_759793"><div class="bar          "><div class="toolbar">[view source](#viewSource "view source")<div class="item copyToClipboard"><embed allowscriptaccess="always" flashvars="highlighterId=highlighter_759793" height="16" id="highlighter_759793_clipboard" menu="false" src="https://campus-xoops.tn.edu.tw/modules/tadtools/syntaxhighlighter_2/scripts/clipboard.swf" title="copy to clipboard" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="16" wmode="transparent"></embed></div>[print](#printSource "print")[?](#about "?")</div></div><div class="lines"><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`vi` `/etc/monit/conf-available/mysql`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div></div></div>
2. 將第6行註解掉：
  
  <div class="syntaxhighlighter nogutter  " id="highlighter_498094"><div class="bar     "><div class="toolbar">[view source](#viewSource "view source")<div class="item copyToClipboard"><embed allowscriptaccess="always" flashvars="highlighterId=highlighter_498094" height="16" id="highlighter_498094_clipboard" menu="false" src="https://campus-xoops.tn.edu.tw/modules/tadtools/syntaxhighlighter_2/scripts/clipboard.swf" title="copy to clipboard" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="16" wmode="transparent"></embed></div>[print](#printSource "print")[?](#about "?")</div></div><div class="lines"><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`#if failed host localhost port 3306 protocol mysql with timeout 15 seconds for 3 times within 4 cycles then restart`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div></div></div>
3. 記得重啟，使之生效
  
  <div class="syntaxhighlighter nogutter  " id="highlighter_561565"><div class="bar                                      "><div class="toolbar">[view source](#viewSource "view source")<div class="item copyToClipboard"><embed allowscriptaccess="always" flashvars="highlighterId=highlighter_561565" height="16" id="highlighter_561565_clipboard" menu="false" src="https://campus-xoops.tn.edu.tw/modules/tadtools/syntaxhighlighter_2/scripts/clipboard.swf" title="copy to clipboard" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="16" wmode="transparent"></embed></div>[print](#printSource "print")[?](#about "?")</div></div><div class="lines"><div class="line alt1"><table><tbody><tr><td class="content">`systemctl restart monit`</td></tr></tbody></table>
  
  </div></div></div>

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