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17-1 手動安裝 java jdk

17-3 proxmox 常用指令 next

Proxmox VE 4.x 中文初階學習手冊
=======================

qm(1) Proxmox Documentation qm(1)

NAME  
 qm - qemu/kvm virtual machine manager

SYNOPSIS  
 qm <COMMAND> \[ARGS\] \[OPTIONS\]

qm clone <vmid> <newid> \[OPTIONS\]

Create a copy of virtual machine/template.

<vmid> integer (1 - N)

The (unique) ID of the VM.

<newid> integer (1 - N)

VMID for the clone.

-description string

Description for the new VM.

-format (qcow2 | raw | vmdk)

Target format for file storage.

Requires option(s): full

-full boolean (default=0)

Create a full copy of all disk. This is always done when you  
 clone a normal VM. For VM templates, we try to create a linked  
 clone by default.

-name string

Set a name for the new VM.

-pool string

Add the new VM to the specified pool.

-snapname string

The name of the snapshot.

Requires option(s): full

-storage string

Target storage for full clone.

Requires option(s): full

-target string

Target node. Only allowed if the original VM is on shared  
 storage.

qm config <vmid>

Get virtual machine configuration.

<vmid> integer (1 - N)

The (unique) ID of the VM.

qm create <vmid> \[OPTIONS\]

Create or restore a virtual machine.

<vmid> integer (1 - N)

The (unique) ID of the VM.

-acpi boolean (default=1)

Enable/disable ACPI.

-agent boolean (default=0)

Enable/disable Qemu GuestAgent.

-archive string

The backup file.

-args string

Note: this option is for experts only. It allows you to pass  
 arbitrary arguments to kvm, for example:

args: -no-reboot -no-hpet

-autostart boolean (default=0)

Automatic restart after crash (currently ignored).

-balloon integer (0 - N)

Amount of target RAM for the VM in MB. Using zero disables the  
 ballon driver.

-boot \[acdn\]{1,4} (default=cdn)

Boot on floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), or network (n).

-bootdisk (ide|sata|scsi|virtio)\\d+

Enable booting from specified disk.

-cdrom volume

This is an alias for option -ide2

-cores integer (1 - N) (default=1)

The number of cores per socket.

Emulated CPU type.

-cpulimit integer (0 - N) (default=0)

Limit of CPU usage in per cent. Note if the computer has 2  
 CPUs, it has total of 200% CPU time. Value '0' indicates no  
 CPU limit.

NOTE: This option is currently ignored.

-cpuunits integer (0 - 500000) (default=1000)

CPU weight for a VM. Argument is used in the kernel fair  
 scheduler. The larger the number is, the more CPU time this VM  
 gets. Number is relative to weights of all the other running  
 VMs.

NOTE: You can disable fair-scheduler configuration by setting  
 this to 0.

-description string

Description for the VM. Only used on the configuration web  
 interface. This is saved as comment inside the configuration  
 file.

-force boolean

Allow to overwrite existing VM.

Requires option(s): archive

-freeze boolean

Freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' monitor command to start  
 execution).

-hostpci\[n\] \[host=\]HOSTPCIDEVICE \[,driver=kvm|vfio\] \[,rombar=on|off\]

Map host pci devices. HOSTPCIDEVICE syntax is:

'bus:dev.func' (hexadecimal numbers)

You can us the 'lspci' command to list existing pci devices.

The 'rombar' option determines whether or not the device's ROM  
 will be visible in the guest's memory map (default is 'on').

The 'driver' option is currently ignored.

Note: This option allows direct access to host hardware. So it  
 is no longer possible to migrate such machines - use with  
 special care.

Experimental: user reported problems with this option.

-hotplug boolean (default=0)

Allow hotplug for disk and network device

Use volume as IDE hard disk or CD-ROM (n is 0 to 3).

-keyboard (da | de | de-ch | en-gb | en-us | es | fi | fr | fr-be |  
 fr-ca | fr-ch | hu | is | it | ja | lt | mk | nl | no | pl |  
 pt | pt-br | sl | sv | tr) (default=en-us)

Keybord layout for vnc server. Default is read from the  
 datacenter configuration file.

-kvm boolean (default=1)

Enable/disable KVM hardware virtualization.

-localtime boolean

Set the real time clock to local time. This is enabled by  
 default if ostype indicates a Microsoft OS.

-lock (backup | migrate | rollback | snapshot)

Lock/unlock the VM.

-machine (pc|pc(-i440fx)?-\\d+\\.\\d+|q35|pc-q35-\\d+\\.\\d+)

Specific the Qemu machine type.

-maxcpus integer (1 - N) (default=1)

Maximum cpus for hotplug.

-memory integer (16 - N) (default=512)

Amount of RAM for the VM in MB. This is the maximum available  
 memory when you use the balloon device.

-migrate\_downtime number (0 - N) (default=0.1)

Set maximum tolerated downtime (in seconds) for migrations.

-migrate\_speed integer (0 - N) (default=0)

Set maximum speed (in MB/s) for migrations. Value 0 is no  
 limit.

-name string

Set a name for the VM. Only used on the configuration web  
 interface.

-net\[n\] MODEL=XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX  
 \[,bridge=<dev>\]\[,rate=<mbps>\]\[,tag=<vlanid>\]

Specify network devices.

MODEL is one of: e1000 i82551 i82557b i82559er ne2k\_isa  
 ne2k\_pci pcnet rtl8139 virtio vmxnet3

XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX should be an unique MAC address. This is  
 automatically generated if not specified.

The bridge parameter can be used to automatically add the  
 interface to a bridge device. The Proxmox VE standard bridge  
 is called 'vmbr0'.

Option 'rate' is used to limit traffic bandwidth from and to  
 this interface. It is specified as floating point number, unit  
 is 'Megabytes per second'.

If you specify no bridge, we create a kvm 'user' (NATed)  
 network device, which provides DHCP and DNS services. The  
 following addresses are used:

10.0.2.2 Gateway  
 10.0.2.3 DNS Server  
 10.0.2.4 SMB Server

The DHCP server assign addresses to the guest starting from  
 10.0.2.15.

-onboot boolean (default=0)

Specifies whether a VM will be started during system bootup.

-ostype (l24 | l26 | other | solaris | w2k | w2k3 | w2k8 | win7 | win8  
 | wvista | wxp)

Used to enable special optimization/features for specific  
 operating systems:

other => unspecified OS  
 wxp => Microsoft Windows XP  
 w2k => Microsoft Windows 2000  
 w2k3 => Microsoft Windows 2003  
 w2k8 => Microsoft Windows 2008  
 wvista => Microsoft Windows Vista  
 win7 => Microsoft Windows 7  
 win8 => Microsoft Windows 8/2012  
 l24 => Linux 2.4 Kernel  
 l26 => Linux 2.6/3.X Kernel  
 solaris => solaris/opensolaris/openindiania kernel

other|l24|l26|solaris ... no special  
 behaviour  
 wxp|w2k|w2k3|w2k8|wvista|win7|win8 ... use --localtime switch

-parallel\[n\] /dev/parport\\d+|/dev/usb/lp\\d+

Map host parallel devices (n is 0 to 2).

Note: This option allows direct access to host hardware. So it  
 is no longer possible to migrate such machines - use with  
 special care.

Experimental: user reported problems with this option.

-pool string

Add the VM to the specified pool.

-reboot boolean (default=1)

Allow reboot. If set to '0' the VM exit on reboot.

Use volume as SATA hard disk or CD-ROM (n is 0 to 5).

Use volume as SCSI hard disk or CD-ROM (n is 0 to 13).

-scsihw (lsi | lsi53c810 | megasas | pvscsi | virtio-scsi-pci)  
 (default=lsi)

scsi controller model

-serial\[n\] (/dev/ttyS\\d+|socket)

Create a serial device inside the VM (n is 0 to 3), and pass  
 through a host serial device, or create a unix socket on the  
 host side (use 'qm terminal' to open a terminal connection).

Note: This option allows direct access to host hardware. So it  
 is no longer possible to migrate such machines - use with  
 special care.

Experimental: user reported problems with this option.

-shares integer (0 - 50000) (default=1000)

Amount of memory shares for auto-ballooning. The larger the  
 number is, the more memory this VM gets. Number is relative to  
 weights of all other running VMs. Using zero disables  
 auto-ballooning

-smp integer (1 - N) (default=1)

The number of CPUs. Please use option -sockets instead.

-sockets integer (1 - N) (default=1)

The number of CPU sockets.

-startdate (now | YYYY-MM-DD | YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS) (default=now)

Set the initial date of the real time clock. Valid format for  
 date are: 'now' or '2006-06-17T16:01:21' or '2006-06-17'.

-startup \[\[order=\]\\d+\] \[,up=\\d+\] \[,down=\\d+\]

Startup and shutdown behavior. Order is a non-negative number  
 defining the general startup order. Shutdown in done with  
 reverse ordering. Additionally you can set the 'up' or 'down'  
 delay in seconds, which specifies a delay to wait before the  
 next VM is started or stopped.

-storage string

Default storage.

-tablet boolean (default=1)

Enable/disable the usb tablet device. This device is usually  
 needed to allow absolute mouse positioning with VNC. Else the  
 mouse runs out of sync with normal VNC clients. If you're  
 running lots of console-only guests on one host, you may  
 consider disabling this to save some context switches. This is  
 turned of by default if you use spice (vga=qxl).

-tdf boolean (default=0)

Enable/disable time drift fix.

-template boolean (default=0)

Enable/disable Template.

-unique boolean

Assign a unique random ethernet address.

Requires option(s): archive

-unused\[n\] string

Reference to unused volumes.

-usb\[n\] host=HOSTUSBDEVICE|spice

Configure an USB device (n is 0 to 4). This can be used to  
 pass-through usb devices to the guest. HOSTUSBDEVICE syntax  
 is:

'bus-port(.port)\*' (decimal numbers) or  
 'vendor\_id:product\_id' (hexadeciaml numbers)

You can use the 'lsusb -t' command to list existing usb  
 devices.

Note: This option allows direct access to host hardware. So it  
 is no longer possible to migrate such machines - use with  
 special care.

The value 'spice' can be used to add a usb redirection devices  
 for spice.

-vga (cirrus | qxl | qxl2 | qxl3 | qxl4 | serial0 | serial1 |  
 serial2 | serial3 | std | vmware)

Select VGA type. If you want to use high resolution modes (>=  
 1280x1024x16) then you should use option 'std' or 'vmware'.  
 Default is 'std' for win8/win7/w2k8, and 'cirrur' for other OS  
 types. Option 'qxl' enables the SPICE display sever. You can  
 also run without any graphic card using a serial devive as  
 terminal.

Use volume as VIRTIO hard disk (n is 0 to 15).

Create a virtual hardware watchdog device. Once enabled (by a  
 guest action), the watchdog must be periodically polled by an  
 agent inside the guest or else the guest will be restarted (or  
 execute the action specified)

qm delsnapshot <vmid> <snapname> \[OPTIONS\]

Delete a VM snapshot.

<vmid> integer (1 - N)

The (unique) ID of the VM.

<snapname> string

The name of the snapshot.

-force boolean

For removal from config file, even if removing disk snapshots  
 fails.

qm destroy <vmid> \[OPTIONS\]

Destroy the vm (also delete all used/owned volumes).

<vmid> integer (1 - N)

The (unique) ID of the VM.

-skiplock boolean

Ignore locks - only root is allowed to use this option.

qm list

Virtual machine index (per node).

qm migrate <vmid> <target> \[OPTIONS\]

Migrate virtual machine. Creates a new migration task.

<vmid> integer (1 - N)

The (unique) ID of the VM.

<target> string

Target node.

-force boolean

Allow to migrate VMs which use local devices. Only root may  
 use this option.

-online boolean

Use online/live migration.

qm move\_disk <vmid> <disk> <storage> \[OPTIONS\]

Move volume to different storage.

<vmid> integer (1 - N)

The (unique) ID of the VM.

The disk you want to move.

<storage> string

Target Storage.

-delete boolean (default=0)

Delete the original disk after successful copy. By default the  
 original disk is kept as unused disk.

-digest string

Prevent changes if current configuration file has different  
 SHA1 digest. This can be used to prevent concurrent  
 modifications.

-format (qcow2 | raw | vmdk)

Target Format.

qm reset <vmid> \[OPTIONS\]

Reset virtual machine.

<vmid> integer (1 - N)

The (unique) ID of the VM.

-skiplock boolean

Ignore locks - only root is allowed to use this option.

qm resize <vmid> <disk> <size> \[OPTIONS\]

Extend volume size.

<vmid> integer (1 - N)

The (unique) ID of the VM.

The disk you want to resize.

<size> \\+?\\d+(\\.\\d+)?\[KMGT\]?

The new size. With the '+' sign the value is added to the  
 actual size of the volume and without it, the value is taken  
 as an absolute one. Shrinking disk size is not supported.

-digest string

Prevent changes if current configuration file has different  
 SHA1 digest. This can be used to prevent concurrent  
 modifications.

-skiplock boolean

Ignore locks - only root is allowed to use this option.

qm resume <vmid> \[OPTIONS\]

Resume virtual machine.

<vmid> integer (1 - N)

The (unique) ID of the VM.

-skiplock boolean

Ignore locks - only root is allowed to use this option.

qm rollback <vmid> <snapname>

Rollback VM state to specified snapshot.

<vmid> integer (1 - N)

The (unique) ID of the VM.

<snapname> string

The name of the snapshot.

qm sendkey <vmid> <key> \[OPTIONS\]

Send key event to virtual machine.

<vmid> integer (1 - N)

The (unique) ID of the VM.

<key> string

The key (qemu monitor encoding).

-skiplock boolean

Ignore locks - only root is allowed to use this option.

qm set <vmid> \[OPTIONS\]

Set virtual machine options (synchrounous API) - You should consider  
 using the POST method instead for any actions involving hotplug or  
 storage allocation.

<vmid> integer (1 - N)

The (unique) ID of the VM.

-acpi boolean (default=1)

Enable/disable ACPI.

-agent boolean (default=0)

Enable/disable Qemu GuestAgent.

-args string

Note: this option is for experts only. It allows you to pass  
 arbitrary arguments to kvm, for example:

args: -no-reboot -no-hpet

-autostart boolean (default=0)

Automatic restart after crash (currently ignored).

-balloon integer (0 - N)

Amount of target RAM for the VM in MB. Using zero disables the  
 ballon driver.

-boot \[acdn\]{1,4} (default=cdn)

Boot on floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), or network (n).

-bootdisk (ide|sata|scsi|virtio)\\d+

Enable booting from specified disk.

-cdrom volume

This is an alias for option -ide2

-cores integer (1 - N) (default=1)

The number of cores per socket.

Emulated CPU type.

-cpulimit integer (0 - N) (default=0)

Limit of CPU usage in per cent. Note if the computer has 2  
 CPUs, it has total of 200% CPU time. Value '0' indicates no  
 CPU limit.

NOTE: This option is currently ignored.

-cpuunits integer (0 - 500000) (default=1000)

CPU weight for a VM. Argument is used in the kernel fair  
 scheduler. The larger the number is, the more CPU time this VM  
 gets. Number is relative to weights of all the other running  
 VMs.

NOTE: You can disable fair-scheduler configuration by setting  
 this to 0.

-delete string

A list of settings you want to delete.

-description string

Description for the VM. Only used on the configuration web  
 interface. This is saved as comment inside the configuration  
 file.

-digest string

Prevent changes if current configuration file has different  
 SHA1 digest. This can be used to prevent concurrent

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